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高考真题再利用策略--作者:赵莉
                               陕西省洋县第二高级中学       723300
      毋庸置疑,绝大多数高考原题都属经典之作,是老师上课备考的主要参考内容;由此可以准确把握高考脉络,猜测高考走势,体现教学中全程备考。但如果教学中机械照搬高考真题,不仅缺乏新意,容易使学生产生审美疲劳,而且会淡化试题价值,无法达到应有的利用价值。那么用什么途径可以一直让高考原题保鲜,使学生能经常耳目一新,从而真正掌握试题背后所体现的知识、进一步形成自己的能力呢?通过多年的体验摸索,笔者认为可以通过下面的方法再利用高考真题,让其更好地服务于教学。
一 赏析理解
      当新知识第一次出现时,为了让学生认识理解,教师往往会引用一些相关的典型例句讲解,以此说明新知识的重要性,如果准备一些高考试卷中知识直接展示给学生更有说服力。但此时不宜出现原题,应呈现整个句子旨在理解给学生留下整体印象。如讲解使动词及其-ing,-ed形式使用及区别时,有大量句子练习强化,可让学生理解:
1 Mr. Smith, tired of the boring speech, started to read a novel.
2 It is believed that if a book is interesting, it will surely interest the reader.
3 Surprised and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
4 He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them interested in his lectures.
5 After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, exhausted.
     理解观察比较这些句子,可以总结该类动词的基本用法,对此用一个初步了解。
 二 原题填空
      由于知识的滚动出现,教材中许多知识会反复出现。在学生即将忘却的时候,知识点再度显现,需要重新提及再次把握,这也符合学生的认知规律。这一次如果呈现高考原题,启发学生结合已有知识痕迹,相信他们会很快完成练习,领会授课内容。再看原题:
1 Mr. Smith, _____ of the ______ speech, started to read a novel.
A. tired, boring    B. tiring, bored     C. tired, bored     D. tiring, boring
2 It is believed that if a book is ______, it will surely ______ the reader.
A. interested, interest        B. interesting, be interested  
C. interested, be interesting   D. interesting, interest
3 ______ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
A. Surprising     B. Surprised      C. Being Surprised D.  To be surprised
4 He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _____ in his lectures.
A. interested    B. interesting   C. interest     D. to interest
5 After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, _____.
A. exhausted    B. exhausted     C. being exhausted     D. having exhausted
      这样,再次归纳并且总结考点,已是水到渠成。一般来说,使动词属于及物动词,多表示“某物使某人怎样”,常用结构:⑴Something surprises/surprised somebody. ⑵Somebody be surprised at something. ⑶Something be surprising. –ed形容词常修饰人,体现内部感受;-ing形容词常修饰物,表示外部体验,“使人……”在句子里可做表语、定语、状语、补足语等。⑷当修饰名词look, expression, voice, smile等时,表明是发自内心而不是受外部干扰引起的变化,常用形式,如His frightened look showed us that he was frightened by the frightening trouble.
三 翻译识记
      当又一次见到已讲过知识时,换种方法改变策略给学生提出新目标呈现,应该会让讲授更加有深度,更容易理解,更能够体现知识的灵活。再提该类动词时,学生已经比较熟悉其用法。总结动词归类:attract, amaze, amuse, embarrass, disappoint, encourage, exhaust, surprise, shock, astonish, please, delight, satisfy, interest, excite, frighten, puzzle, confuse, relax, terrify, worry 等,要求根据汉语提示翻译再次换个角度理解掌握,以达到灵活应用,形成技能。
  1 Smith先生由于对这个乏味的演讲厌倦,开始看小说了。(tire, bore)
  2 人们相信如果一本书有趣的话,它一定会使读者感兴趣。(interest)
  3 既吃惊又高兴,Tony站起来接受了奖品。(surprise)
  4 他在学生中很受欢迎因为他总会想法让他们对他的讲演感兴趣。(interest)
   5 从国外旅游之后,Richard Jones 回到了家,非常疲惫。(exhaust)
将翻译后的句子对照原句,可以更加体会到此类动词的正确使用。
四 拓展改编
     “温故而知新”,所有的知识都需要反复中创新,才会集腋成裘,最终达到应用自如。掌握了此类动词的用法之后,可以通过一系列的练习加深拓宽。此类结构不仅仅出现在单选中,短文改错错误布局也常常表现。当然对于篇章理解,无论是完形填空还是阅读材料的正确快速理解,都很有帮助。
用所给词的适当形式填空:
1 We can conclude his _____ look suggests that he gets _____ by this _____ question. (confuse)
2 We were all _____ at the _____ change that had taken place in our hometown. (amaze)
3 The ______ news _______ all the people present. (disappoint)
4 The ______ speech made us _____, sleepy. (bore)
5 The earthquake that occurred several months ago in his hometown was most _____. ( fright)
6 I am good at gardening. It can be ______ to work in the garden. (satisfy)
 (答案: confused, confused, confusing; amazed, amazing; disappointing, disappointed; frightening; satisfying)
改错:
1 Therefore, I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil. (2012浙江)
                   interesting
2 I was really disappointing and about to leave when he walked out a building. (2011陕西)
           disappointed
3 My friend Nick told me story about his experience back in the US, which was very interested. (2010课标)                                                           interesting
4 The assistant was clearly as embarrassing as my sister, for I just thought it was funny! (2010陕西)                    embarrassed
5 At weekends I often go out for a swim, which is really relaxed.
                                             relaxing
6 In the tiger mountain of the park, I was too eager to see the fierce frightened animals that I quickened my steps through the crowd.                         frightening
单项选择:
1 Recently the father has found his son increasingly ____ to the Internet games.
  A. being attracted    B. attracted      C. attracting    D. having attracted
2 There are small groups of words which even some native speakers and writers of English find ______.       A. puzzling    B. puzzled     C. being puzzled    D. to puzzle
3 Every evening after dinner, if not ____ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.
A. being tired   B. tiring      C. tired       D. to be tired
4 ______ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.
 A. Being encouraged   B. Encouraging   C. Encouraged    D. Having encouraged
5 The questions the reporter asked sometimes were ____ and they made me ______.
 A. embarrassed, embarrassing    B. embarrassing, embarrassed
C. embarrassed, embarrassed     D. embarrassing, embarrassing
      通过这几组练习,想必对英语中的使动词相关知识已经非常熟悉。借助于高考原题,但又不拘泥于原题,让高考真题在教学中焕发出了活力,正真起到了对教学的引领作用。其实,只要有心我们会留意很多知识结合考点,对照考题,改变拓宽都会丰富我们的课堂,激发学生的兴趣,获得事半功倍的效果。

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